The Dyssomnia

They form a set of sleep disorders consisting of an alteration of the quantity and quality of sleep.

There are three types of Dyssomnia:

1. Deficiencies in sleep - these are the sleepless nights.
2. Excess sleep - these are the hypersomnia:
   1. Narcolepsy-cataplexy: excessive daytime sleepiness with sleep attacks.
   2. The idiopathic hypersomnia: Daytime sleepiness, whose provenance is unknow. 
   3. The recurrent hypersomnia: episodes of vaying duration, where the subject is sleeping more than normal.
   4. The psychiatric hypersomnia: Daytime sleepiness cause by a mental disorder.
   5. The hypersomnia secondary to medical conditions.
3. The circadian rhythm disorder (or sleep-wake)
   1. Syndrome of delayed sleep phase: delayed sleep schedule.
   2. Syndrome phase advance of sleep: sleep schedule advanced.
   3. Hypernycthéméral syndrome (or syndrome vent). lack of synchronisation of circadian rhythm.
   4. Sleep-wake cycle irregular: sleep episode desorganized.
   5. Jetlag: alteration of circadian rhythm
   6. Shift work: irregular work hour.
   7. Do not confuse Dyssomnia and parasomnias, which are behavioral disorders occurring in the margins of sleep.

Parasomnias

It is a series of events accompanying sleep, they may be pathological as physiological.

Classification of parasomnias

1. Parasomnias by arousal disorders or parasomnias deep sleep
   1. Confusional arousals: episode of confusion occuring before or after sleep.
   2. Somnambulism: sleepwalking.
   3. Nocturnal fright: terified child apparently confused, but still asleep.
2. Parasomnias by impaired sleep-wake transitions
   1. Ryhme sleep.
   2. Sleep myoclonus: fast twich occuring in sleep.
   3. Nocturnal cramps in the legs.
   4. Hypnopompic or hypnagogic hallucinations: falling asleep hallucianation or waking.
3. Parasomnias usually associated with REM sleep (dreams)
   1. Nightmares: bad dream
   2. Sleep paralysis: atonia during sleep.
   3. Sleep behavior disorders during (RBD): living dreams
4. Other nonspecific parasomnias sleep
   1. Bruxism: teeth grinding during sleep.
   2. Enuresis: inability to control urination.
   3. Somniloquy: sleep talking
   4. Catathrenia: groan or nocturn grunt.
   5. Exploding head syndrome: intense headache.
   6. Eating disorder of sleep.